The Palace of Versailles benefited from the France Relance plan. Molire was called "Le Nez" by his family from that time. In June 1643, when Molire was 21, he decided to abandon his social class and pursue a career on the stage. Le lien vers le site collection, Chteau de Versailles, Dist. His mother died when he was 10 years old; his father, one of the appointed furnishers of the royal household, gave him a good education at the Collge de Clermont (the school that, as the Lyce Louis-le-Grand, was to train so many brilliant Frenchmen, including Voltaire). Manufacturers, the navy and merchant marine, a modern police organization, roads, ports, and canals all emerged at about the same time. De Luzon a young courtier. "[30], [Molire] has been accused of not having a consistent, organic style, of using faulty grammar, of mixing his metaphors, and of using unnecessary words for the purpose of filling out his lines. Quelles taient les relations entre Louis XVI et Marie-Antoinette ? Molire insisted on completing his performance. The same year, he premiered L'cole des femmes (The School for Wives), subsequently regarded as a masterpiece. Max Size, 2827 x 1600px JPG, Size: 2.5 MB. Versailles was approximately the price of a modern airport; it was an object of universal admiration and enhanced French prestige. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him The protagonists were Molire, on the one hand, and the party, or cabale, of the dvots on the other. WebWhen he was 13 years old, Molire was sent to the prestigious school Jesuits College of Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand) until 1641. 20th-century scholars have carried on this interest in Molire and his plays and have continued to study a wide array of issues relating to this playwright. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. Favourite Collect. It was a strict academic environment, but with its emphasis on theatre and performing, it was He viewed French Protestants as potential rebels. In the course of his travels he met Armand, Prince of Conti, the governor of Languedoc, who became his patron, and named his company after him. His first two known plays date from this time: Ltourdi; ou, les contretemps (The Blunderer; or, The Mishaps), performed at Lyon in 1655, and Le Dpit amoureux (The Amorous Quarrel), performed at Bziers in 1656. Le Tartuffe (or The Impostor), the play that was staged at Versailles as part of The Pleasures of the Enchanted Island in 1664, was the subject of a controversy that raged for five years. The King was enchanted, finding it all highly amusing; but, on the advice of the Archbishop of Paris, Mgr. These six days of spectacular celebrations firmly established the legend of Versailles as a festive venue. Hardouin de Perefixe, he refused to grant permission for a public performance. The resulting war lasted from 1688 to 1697. [13], Heywood Broun remarked that with Moeller's writing the "great comedian appears as a man practically devoid of humor", though he didn't regard this as a fault. He reconciled himself to another painful sacrifice when he recognized William of Orange as William III of England, in violation of his belief in the divine right of the Stuart king James II to Williams throne. These six days of spectacular celebrations firmly established the legend of Versailles as a festive venue. Molire is considered the creator of modern French comedy. Thus began the decline. It describes the story of an atheist who becomes a religious hypocrite and, for this, is punished by God. Favourite Collect. He primarily mocks the Acadmie Franaise, a group created by Richelieu under a royal patent to establish the rules of the fledgling French theatre. Many words or phrases introduced in Molire's plays are still used in current French: Molire plays a small part in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, in which he is seen taking inspiration from the muskeeter Porthos for his central character in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. These ballets were a transitional form of dance performance between the court ballets of Louis XIV and the art of professional theatre which was developing in the advent of the use of the proscenium stage. From the end of 1645, for no fewer than 13 years, the troupe sought a living touring the provinces. He was awarded the title of Troupe de Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orlans). The spelling of this name in theatre programs, newspapers, and even in the published text varied between the form shown and "De Lauzon". Supporting [ edit] Baron a seventeen year old member of Molire's company. Having turned his back on a career in the law, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin decided to become an actor instead and founded the Illustre-Thtre in 1643. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. En la personne de Molire, le Roi SoleilSoleil trouve un esprit qui charmecharme son intellect. Updates? Molire created a new kind of comedy. On 20 February 1662, Molire married Armande Bjart, whom he believed to be the sister of Madeleine. Cambridge Univ. [8], The production then went to the Broad Theatre in Philadelphia, opening on March 3, 1919. [8] The audience was so enthusiastic after Act II that Henry Miller and Blanche Bates had to come out and give short speeches before the play could resume. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau de Vis, who became fond of his theatre. RMN / Christophe Fouin [10] His mother was the daughter of a prosperous bourgeois family. In 1682 the seat of government was transferred to Versailles. The Acadmie preached unity of time, action, and styles of verse. Its depiction of the hypocrisy of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage and violently contested. But when Molire appears, he still insists on performing his latest comedy. Molire founded his own theatre company in his early 20s. [15] Two nights before, an audience member had slumped from his seat to die on the floor, perhaps in sympathy with Molire and the play. He began to write full, five-act comedies in verse (L'tourdi (Lyon, 1654) and Le dpit amoureux (Bziers, 1656)), which although immersed in the gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part of Madeleine Bjart and Molire's plans to win aristocratic patronage and, ultimately, move the troupe to a position in a Paris theater-venue. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. They were in Lyon intermittently from the end of 1652 to the summer of 1655 and again in 1657, at Montpellier in 1654 and 1655, and at Bziers in 1656. In both locations, Molire found success among Parisians with plays such as The Affected Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives. He is portrayed among other writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet (1989). Few plays survive from this period. Fortunately, he was dead wrong. Little remains of his splendid palaces at Saint-Germain and Marly, but Versaillescursed as extravagant even as it was under construction and accused of having ruined the nationstill stands. His absolute monarchy was one of the most successful during the Age of Absolution, having the longest rule of any monarch in Europe. According to Cronyn, he mentioned to Olivier that he (Cronyn) was about to play the title role in The Miser, and that Olivier then responded "Molire? In 1631, his father Jean Poquelin purchased from the court of Louis XIII the posts of "valet de chambre ordinaire et tapissier du Roi" ("valet of the King's chamber and keeper of carpets and upholstery"). Here it was that all Molires Paris plays were staged, starting with Dom Garcie de Navarre; ou, le prince jaloux (Don Garcia of Navarre; or, The Jealous Prince) in February 1661, a heroic comedy of which much was hoped; it failed on the stage and succeeded only in inspiring Molire to work on Le Misanthrope. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. From the time of his return to Paris in 1658, all the reliable facts about Molires life have to do with his activity as author, actor, and manager. Author of. However, they made a crucial mistake by performing a tragedy instead of one of their popular comedies. The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. The piece mocks the people who had criticised L'cole des femmes by showing them at dinner after watching the play; it addresses all the criticism raised about the piece by presenting the critics' arguments and then dismissing them. The play sparked the protest called the "Quarrel of L'cole des femmes". Who Said It? Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. 1556332. WebLouis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Les Prcieuses Ridicules was the first of Molire's many attempts to satirize certain societal mannerisms and affectations then common in France. [12] He lost his mother when he was 10,[13] and he does not seem to have been particularly close to his father. He was controversial during his day, but he is now viewed as an icon of French culture. With the help of Monsieur, his company was allowed to share the theatre in the large hall of the Petit-Bourbon with the famous Italian Commedia dell'arte company of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous for his character of Scaramouche. Pourquoi les changements climatiques conduisent toujours des extinctions de masse, Une tude montre les dsastres que causerait lexploitation minire des fonds marins. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. Charles Darnton, recalling Madame Sand, thought Moeller "very clever as a grave-digger". On this day in 1673, Molire premiered his final play, Le Malade Imaginaire. R.B. Les Prcieuses, as well as Sganarelle (first performed in October 1660), probably had its premiere at the Thtre du Petit-Bourbon, a great house adjacent to the Louvre. It is widely accepted that the plot was based on Samuel Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes of 1656. In 1672, Madeleine Bjart died, and Molire suffered from this loss and from the worsening of his own illness. He has been strongly criticized for his decision, but he had no alternative. To keep his actors and his audiences was an unremitting struggle against other theatres. In 1658 the troupe returned to Paris and played before Louis XIV. DatesJanuary 15th, 1622 - February 17th, 1673, Residency at Versailles1663-1673Under the reignof Louis XIV, Versailles in his workThe Versailles ImpromptuThe Princess of ElidTartuffe (The Impostor)The Hypochondriac. Moliere was the alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, born in 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household. It was on this occasion that he put on The Forced Marriage, The Princess of Elid and Tartuffe. Please select which sections you would like to print: Ronald W. Tobin is Research Professor of French at the University of California, Santa Barbara. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. RMN / Christophe Fouin. Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. [7], Molire had its first tryout at Ford's Grand Opera House in Baltimore, on February 24, 1919, where it played for a week. Learn how and when to remove this template message, theatre in the east wing of the Palais-Royal, "France looks to the law to save the language of Molire", "15 January: Remembering Molire on Birthday", "Biography, Bibliography, Analysis, Plot overview", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Molire&oldid=1138405272, 17th-century French dramatists and playwrights, Articles needing additional references from January 2018, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Roy, Donald (1995). Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that ", Jean-Lon Grme - Louis XIV and Moliere.jpg. [10] Corbin also thought the play too "literesque" but "intelligently so", and was enthused about the scenery, costumes, Alice Gale, and the lead actors. The king had openly renounced pleasure, but the sacrifice was made easier for him by his new favourite, the very pious Mme de Maintenon. Plautus and Terence), especially the trope of the clever slave/servant.[19]. Quelle est l'histoire des possdes de Loudun au XVIIe sicle ? It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'cole des maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comdie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy for the King's amusements) because it was performed during a series of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of the sovereign. Stendhals description of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin as Molire, the great painter of man as he is is undoubtedly the most accurate. Similar to the court ballets, both professionally trained dancers and courtiers socialized together at the comdies-ballets - Louis XIV even played the part of an Egyptian in Molire's Le Mariage forc (1664) and also appeared as Neptune and Apollo in his retirement performance of Les Amants magnifiques (1670).[24]. Moeller acknowledged Miller's creative contribution in the dedication for the published play.[3]. [10] Broun was enthusiastic only about Blanche Bates' performance. Instead, Molire was shaped for the stage by producer-director Henry Miller, who also played the eponymous lead. [9] They summed up the play as being "richer in rhetoric than drama". Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moliere-French-dramatist, Utah Shakespeare Festival - Biography of Molire, Molire - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. No history of these years is possible, though municipal registers and church records show the company emerging here and there: in Nantes in 1648, in Toulouse in 1649, and so on. The Forced Marriage, the troupe returned to Paris and played before Louis XIV no fewer than 13 years the! Own theatre company in his early 20s he believed to be the sister of Madeleine of.. 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